Тема 3. Dental technicians and dental hygienists
GRAMMAR NOTES
The Past Simple Tense
- действие, которое совершилось или совершалось в прошлом
He lived in Moscow last year.
- констатация факта
Columbus discovered America.
- Отражение последовательности событий, свершившихся в прошлом
Yesterday I got up at 7 a.m., took a shower, had breakfast and went to the college.
Слова-подсказки (определители времени)
yesterday - вчера
the day before yesterday - позавчера
last week (month, year) – на прошлом неделе (в прошлом месяце, году)
last night – вчера вечером
two days ago – 2 дня назад
in 1980
Образуется
Positive | Negative | Question |
V2 – went (от go) Ved –worked (от work)
I saw you at the theatre last night.
We worked last summer. | did + V1
I didn’t see you at the theatre last night.
We didn’t work last summer. | Did … Вопрос. слово + did
Did you see Olga at the theatre last night. - No, I didn’t. - Yes, I did. Where did you go last night?
BUT Who saw you at the theatre last night? - I did.
|
NB! “to be” в Past Simple Tense
+ -- ?
I was I wasn’t
He was He wasn’t Was he in Moscow last week?
She was She wasn’t
It was It wasn’t
We were We weren’t Were you at the theatre last night?
You were You weren’t Where were you last night?
They were They weren’t Who was at the theatre last night?
- Jane was.
TASKS
1. Запишите глаголы в простом прошедшем времени:
Live, speak, fit, make, have, fix, use, do, prevent, think, clean, try, enjoy.
2. Дополните предложения глаголами в отрицательной форме:
1. I saw Helen but I … Olga.
2. They worked on Monday but they … on Tuesday.
3. We went to the dental clinic but we … to the hospital.
4. She had some fillings but she … any crowns.
5. They were at the college yesterday but they … at the dental clinic.
3. What did you do yesterday?
Напишите утвердительные или отрицательные предложения
1. ( clean teeth)
2. ( buy a dental journal)
3. ( visit a dentist)
4. ( sterilize instruments)
5. ( extract teeth)
6. ( take a shower)
4. Допишите вопросы / Complete the questions
1. A: We went to Moscow last week.
B: Where ……… ?
C: At the hotel.
2. A: I was late last morning.
B: What time ……. ?
C: Half past nine.
3. A: We came home by taxi.
B: How much …….?
C: 200 roubles.
4. A: I bought a new dress.
B: When …….?
C: Last Saturday.
5. A: I played tennis last Sunday.
B: Who …….. with?
C: With my uncle.
VOCABULARY
WORD LIST
a dental technician - [tek′nıòәn] ……………… зубной техник
a dental hygienist - [haıd ı:nıst] ……………… гигиенист стоматологический
a dental laboratory (lab.) ………………………… стоматологическая лаборатория
missing teeth ……………………………………. отсутствующие зубы
impression - [ımp′reòn] ……………………… оттиск, слепок
restoration - [restә′reıòәn] …………………… восстановление
restore - [rıs′to:] …………………………. восстанавливать
fixed denture - [′dentòә] ………………………… несъемное протезирование
removable denture ………………………………. съемное протезирование
partial denture - [′pa:òıәl] [′dentòә] …………….. частичное протезирование
complete denture ……………………………….. полное съемное протезирование
metal alloy - [′æloı] ………………………….. металлический сплав
gold …………………………………………….. золото
cast ……………………………………………... литье
porcelain - [′po:slın] ………………………… фарфор
crown …………………………………………… коронка
bridge …………………………………………… мост
inlay …………………………………………….. вкладка
onlay ……………………………………………. накладка
veneer - [vı′nıә] ………………………….. винир
colour and shape …………………………….. цвет и форма
gum diseases ………………………………… болезни десен
healthy teeth and gums ……………………… здоровые зубы и десны
preventive medicine ………………………… профилактическая медицина
prevention …………………………………… профилактика
oral hygiene - [haı′d ı:n] …………………. гигиена полости рта
professional cleaning ………………………. профессиональная чистка
to whiten teeth ……………………………… отбеливать зубы
to clean teeth ……………………………….. чистить зубы
toothpaste containing fluoride - [′fluәrıd] …. зубная паста с фтором
rinse the mouth ……………………………… полоскать рот
mouthwash ………………………………….. ополаскиватель
to use floss ………………………………….. использовать флосс (зубную нить)
TASKS
5. Complete the sentences with the words below/ Дополните предложения, используя данные слова
dental hygienist, impressions, floss, porcelain, rinse, metal alloys
1. Before making crowns a dentist usually takes … .
2. Nowadays most patients prefer having crowns from … .
3. If you want to whiten your teeth you should see a … .
4. After each meals we should all clean our teeth, use … and … the mouth with water.
5. Dental technicians use different … for making crowns and bridges.
6. Match the words/ Укажите соответствия
1. cъемные протезы a) impression
2. восстановление b) oral hygiene
3. мост c) whiten teeth
4. вкладка d) fixed denture
5. оттиск e) inlay
6. профилактика f) restoration
7. отбеливать зубы g) removable denture
h) bridge
i) prevention
7. Explain the meaning of the words in the left column (find the answers in the right column/
Объясните значение слов в левой колонке (ответы найдите в правой колонке)
1. a dental technician a) when crowns can’t be removed by a patient
2. a dental hygienist b) a specialist who makes crowns and bridges
3. dental laboratory c) you take care of your teeth
4. fixed denture d) material which is used for making crowns (very natural)
5. removable denture e) a dentist makes it to save your teeth
6. porcelain f) a specialist who prevents dental diseases
7. oral hygiene g) when crowns can be removed by a patient
8. restoration h) you do it with mouthwash
i) a place where crowns and bridges are made
READING
8. Read this e-mail and answer the questions:
- Where did Liz work before entering the university?
- What did she do at work?
- Why is she happy?
9. Fill in the necessary words into the text/ Вставьте нужные слова в текст
John Parker is telling about his job:
Hi, I’m a dental technician. I graduated from the medical college | very
only 1) … year ago. So I’m not 2) … experienced specialist but | can
I work hard. Last month I made 3) … single crowns and inlays | a
and didn’t make bridges. But now I 4) … do it. | with
I’d like to work 5) … porcelain but I understand that I’m not | only
ready 6) … . I’m proud that a lot of patients have crowns in their | yet
mouths made by my hands. |
10. Functions of dental technicians and hygienists are not the same. Do you
understand this difference clearly? Fill in the blanks using either “a technician”
or “a hygienist”/ Заполните пропуски, в зависимости от выполняемых функций
зубного техника и гигиениста
1. …………. provides treatment of diseases of gums.
2. …………. uses gold in his work.
3. …………. makes veneers for front teeth.
4………….. provides preventive dental care.
5. ……….. works in dental laboratories.
6. ……….. provides services for many dentists.
7. ………. removes plaque from tooth crowns.
8. ………. uses mouthwash in his work.
Speaking
11. Imagine you’re a dental technician or a dental hygienists. You’ve met your former groupmate. Retell him/her about your job:
- where you work;
- what you do;
- what you like/dislike in your job;
- your plans for future.
Writing
12. Here are 2 advertisements. The dental clinic
“Intan” is looking for a dental technician and
a dental hygienist. Read the advertisements and write a letter applying for a job (either for a dental technician or a dental hygienist.
1.We’re looking for an intelligent, self-confident, with good skills person who is fluent in denture. The work involves making crowns and bridges, working with porcelain and gold.
The working week will be 40 hours per week Monday – Friday. Previous experience is essential. Friendly team and well-equipped labs are waiting for you.
Apply in writing to Ms. Pat Brown, Intan Dental Clinic, 13 Armada Way, Brookfield.
2. Dental Clinic “INTAN' seeks ful-time dental hygienist. The work involves making professional cleanings, teaching how to keep oral hygiene and prevention.
The working week will be 20 hours per week Monday – Friday, mornings or afternoons only. Previous experience would be useful but not essential.
Write to us, telling us about yourself, your experience and qualification and why you think you’re the right bkind of person to work for us.
Apply in writing to Ms. Pat Brown, Intan Dental Clinic, 13 Armada Way, Brookfield.
Таблица оценки знаний.
№ задания
| Балл | 1
| 2
| 3
| 4 | 5 | 6
| 7
| 8 ☼ | 9
| 10
| 11 ☼ | 12 ☼ | Сумма баллов |
Задание выполнено полностью, без ошибок
| 3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Задание выполнено, но имеются незначительные ошибки | 2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Задание выполнено частично, либо полностью с большим количеством ошибок | 1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Задание не выполнено
| 0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Итого |
| ||||||||||||
Максимальное количество баллов по теме: 36.
31 – 36 баллов – «отлично»
26 – 30 баллов – «хорошо»
21 – 25 баллов – «удовлетворительно»
менее 25 баллов – «неудовлетворительно»
Тема 4. Dentist’s job
Grammar notes
Modal verbs – модальные глаголы.
В английском языке существует группа глаголов, лексическое значение
которых не обозначает действие, а выражает отношение к действию.
Наиболее часто употребляются модальные глаголы can, may, must, should.
CAN – могу, умею; обозначает физическую возможность человека или возможность по обстоятельствам.
I can swim. Я умею плавать.
He can go to the theatre, he has time. Он может пойти в театр, у него есть время.
MAY- могу, можно, имею разрешение.
You may come in. Вы можете войти.
MUST – должен, нужно, надо; выражает необходимость, обязательность.
I must translate this article. Я должен перевести эту статью.
SHOULD – выражает совет, рекомендацию.
You should take care of your teeth. Вам следует заботиться о своих зубах.
Отрицательная форма
Cannot = can’t
May not
Must not = mustn’t
Should not = shouldn’t
Вопросы
Can you help me?
May I take your pen?
Must she come at 11 a.m.?
Should I take this way?
Для передачи значения отсутствия необходимости (не нужно, не должен) употребляется модальный глагол need в отрицательной форме (needn’t).
- Must I meet you at 6 p.m.?
- No, you needn’t. Нет, не нужно.
Особенности модальных глаголов
1.У них нет форм инфинитива. Они употребляются в сочетании со смысловым глаголом.
I can speak English.
2. Модальные глаголы не спрягаются, не изменяются по лицам и числам.
3. Инфинитив смыслового глагола после модального глагола употребляется без частицы to.
I can play the guitar.
TASKS
1. Не переводя текст, укажите модальные глаголы, которые Вы бы использовали в случае перевода:
Вы боитесь посещать стоматолога? Напрасно. Конечно же, Вы можете проигнорировать поход в клинику, но можете потерять зубы.
Могу я дать Вам несколько советов?
Прежде всего Вы должны чистить зубы 2 раза в день. Вам следует есть меньше сладкого, Вы можете воспользоваться жевательной резинкой после еды. Я должен предупредить Вас, что кусание твердых предметов может повредить зубы.
Вам следует заботиться о зубах постоянно, а стоматолог может помочь Вам в этом.
Удачи вам!
2. Put the necessary modal verb “ can, may, must, should”:
1. You have a bad toothache. I ... advise you a high qualified dentist.
2. The lecture starts at 9 a.m. You ... be there in time.
3. We ... see a dentist twice a year.
4. ... you skate well?
5. You ... be careful with this medicine.
6. You ... take my pen if you need one.
7. A nurse ... sterilize dental instruments every day.
8. You ... come in. The dentist is waiting for you.
9. Your son ... not read in this room, it’s dark here.
3. Translate into English:
1. Вы можете потерять этот зуб.
2. Стоматолог должен иметь профессиональные знания.
3. Вам следует купить это лекарство.
4. Могу я убрать эти инструменты?
5. Должен ли я посещать стоматолога каждый месяц? – Нет, не нужно.
6. Я могу позвонить в стоматологическую клинику завтра.
Схема грамматических структур
Present Simple/ Past Simple/ Future Simple
Помните об употреблении вспомогательных глаголов в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях!
Время | Слова-подсказки | Основной глагол | Вспомогательный глагол | примеры |
Present Simple (Present Indefinite Tense) простое настоящее время | Every day (week, month,year), sometimes, often, usually | V1 Vs (he, she,it) | Do Does (he, she, it) | +We work every day. He, she works -I do not (don’t) work on Sundays He/she does not (doesn’t) work ? Do you work on Sundays? Does he/she work on Sundays? Where do you work? does he/she work Who works on Sundays? |
Past Simple (Past Indefinite Tense) простое прошедшее время | Yesterday, 2 days ago, last week (month,year) | V2 Ved | did | + They went to the clinic last week. I visited my friend yesterday. - He didn’t work yesterday. We didn’t go to the college. ?Did you call me yesterday? When did you see a dentist? Who met you at the airport? |
Future Simple (Future Indefinite Tense) простое будущее время | Tomorrow, next week (month, year), soon, in 2 days, in a week (month, year)-через день, месяц, год | I/we shall/will+V1 You/they/ He/she/it will +V1 | Shall/will | +I will(I’ll) help you tomorrow. -He will not(won’t) call me. ?Will you examine my teeth? When will he meet you? Who will make an injection? |
Условные обозначения:
V- глагол
V1- инфинитив
Vs- к инфинитиву добавляем букву «s»
V2- 2-я форма неправильных глаголов
Ved – к инфинитиву правильного глагола добавляем «ed»
Не забудьте о спряжении глагола « to be»
I am = I’m
You/we/they are = you’re/we’re/they’re
He/she/it is = he’s/she’s/it’s
NB! Глагол «to be» не требует употребления вспомогательных
глаголов!
I’m not a dentist.
Are you a nurse?
4. Rewrite this text in Past and Future
Перепишите этот текст в прошедшем и будущем времени.
My best friend is a nurse. She works in the dental clinic “Stoma”. She goes to her work by bus. It takes her about an hour. She likes her job very much. Every day she meets a lot of interesting people. At work my friend helps a dentist totreat patients. She often tells me about her job.
5. Write negative sentences and questions.
Напишите отрицательное и вопросительное предложение
a. I like working on Sundays. (When...)
b. She travels a lot. (Where...)
c. A nurse brought new instruments to the surgery. (What...)
d. A dentist will see you at 6 p.m. (When...)
e. My Dad decided to see a dentist. (Who...)
f. I feel a slight toothache. (What...)
g. A dentist used a local anaesthesia to reduce discomfort. (What...)
6. Open the brackets.
Откройте скобки:
a. I usually (to spend) my summer holidays in the country. But last summer I ( to go) to the South and (to spend) two weeks there. It was great! Next summer I (to fly) to Turkey.
b. Yesterday my best friend John (to feel) a bad tootthache. We (not to know) what to do. Usually people (not to like) dentists but they must see them from time to time. So my friend (to go) to a dental clinic and (to solve) his problem.
c. –What you (to do) next weekend?
- I (not to know). May be, we (to meet) at the cafe.
7. В письме следует исправить ошибки. Символы, указывающие на характер ошибок, помогут Вам в этом.
Look at the letter that a student has written to her friend. Her teacher has used symbols to show her the kind of mistakes she has made.
T – Tense (время)
P – punctuation
WO – word order (порядок слов)
Prep. – preposition (предлог)
WW – wrong word (неправильно выбранное слово)
Gr. – grammar
^ – word missing (пропущенное слово)
Sp. – Spelling (правописание)
Read the letter and correct the mistakes.
18 Greencroft Gardervs
London NW 6
Tuesday 10 May
Dear Stephanie
prep Gr.
How are you? I’m very well. I came in London two weeks ago for to
study at a language school. I want ^ learn English because ^ is a very
Gr.
important language. I’m live with a English family called Benett. They
Gr Gr
have two son and a daughter. Mr.Benett is ^ teacher and Mrs.Benett work
Gr.
in a dental clinic. English people is very kind, but they speak very quickly. WO
I study in the morning. My teachers name is Ann. I like very much
T
studying. Last week I have an experience of seeing a dentist as I had a bad
Sp. WW
toothace. Of course I was afraid but the dentist calmed me. He took me an
Gr
injection and I don’t feel anything. Now I’m OK.
Gr Sp
Last night my friends and I go to the cinema, but the film wasn’t exiting.
WW
Do you like to visit me in London?
Why don’t you come for a weekend?
Write to me soon. I’d love to see you.
Love
Kati
Vocabulary
a bad toothache [ ′tu: qe ık ] сильная зубная боль
bleeding кровотечение
bite [bait] прикус
a bridge мост
a crown … Продолжение »